Blognya Mas Radit

Alternative history: What if the Carthaginians conquered Rome?  Context The Romans defined the borders of the European continent. The Roman rule had brought in civilisation, government system and structure to countries which one day would have their own empires. Before the Romans ruled the coastal areas of Southern Europe and Northern Africa, they had a strong rival, who were the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians ruled territories across the sea making fortunes by sea trade. Because there were the Romans in Southern Europe, there were tensions between the Romans and the Carthaginians. Even a war between the Romans and the Carthaginians happened three times, the first time was in 264 - 241 BC, the second time was 218 - 201 BC, whereas the third time was 149 - 146 BC. The Romans won these wars. But what if the Carthaginians won these wars instead? Scenario The Carthaginians were a nation which hailed from Phoenicia, which is present-day Lebanon. The city of Carthage was established in Nor

Present-day Morocco has been inhabited by human beings since the Paleolithic era. In 1971, fossils were found, and these fossils were bones of an early human species which were presumably 400,000 years old, then after another investigation in 2017, scientists had found out that they were 300,000 years old. During the Upper Paleolithic era (50,000 - 10,000 years ago), North Africa, including present-day Morocco, was more fertile than North Africa today, because it was a grassland full of shrubs at that time. In 4200 BC, North Africa, including present-day Morocco, which used to be a grassland full of shrubs had transformed into a desert which is called the Sahara nowadays, along with the end of the Ice Age. Around 800 BC, the Phoenicians, who came from present-day Lebanon, began to colonise present-day Morocco. During the Phoenician rule of present-day Morocco, they established cities such as Chellah, Lixus and Mogador. In the 5th century BC, the hegemony of Carthage, a state ruled by t

Alternative history: What if the Arab states were united? Context Before World War I, the United Kingdom had established protectorates in the Middle East, then after the Ottoman Empire got weaker, the United Kingdom finally established a protectorate in Qatar. In 1918, Germany lost World War I, and the loss of Germany had made the British and the French to seek for new colonies, and they had chosen the Middle East as their base to establish protectorates. In the 1920s, the British and the French carved up the Middle East to establish their own colonies and the borders that are established are artificial. In 1926, the kingdom of Hijaz was defeated by the Saudi kingdom ruled by the House of Saud. After 20 years, independence movements emerged everywhere, thus countries such as Jordan, Syria, Iraq were created with artificial borders. After that, an Arab nationalist ideology called Ba'athism emerged, which give birth to authoritarian rulers such as Saddam Hussein. Due to the ousting o

Alternative history: What if the Spanish never colonised the Philippines?  Context During the 16th century, the Spanish and the Portuguese were competing to seek for colonies in the 'New World's, as part of their mission of Gold, Gospel and Glory. At that time, the Spanish and the Portuguese signed a treaty that Spain would have their colonies to the west and Portugal to the East. In 1521, Magellan arrived on the island of Limasawa in the Philippines and he began to spread Christianity in the Philippines, then he continued his voyage to Cebu until his death during the Battle of Mactan. But what if in this alternative timeline the Spanish failed to colonise the Philippines?  Scenario In the real timeline, the Spanish and the Portuguese are competing each other to look for colonies in the 'New World's, as part of their mission to seek for natural resources, spread Christianity and achieve victory (gold, gospel, glory). The same thing would also happen in this alternative

What is digital democracy? Digital democracy or also known as e-democracy is a process of democracy which involves information, telecommunication and technology. This type of democracy had just developed during the 21st century. In the process of digital democracy, all adult citizens are expected to participate in planning, developing and making laws. This type of democracy covers the social, cultural and economic conditions which makes political freedom possible. The goal of this digital democracy is to improve human rights and democracy and to expand democracy. Nowadays, information is freely available on the Internet, thus freedom and human development increases. The internet is also used to promote democracy and human rights. In the process of digital democracy, all processes of democracy are done using technology. One day, if the whole world were to implement digital democracy on the national scale, all processes of democracy, be it the election of the head of state, head of gover

Alternative history: What if Japan never attacked Pearl Harbour? Context World War II is one of the biggest wars during that happened throughout history which happened between 1939 and 1945. During the Second World War, there were two belligerents, which are the Allies (UK-USA-USSR-France) and the Axis (Germany-Italy-Japan). On the 9th of December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. But what if Japan never attacked Pearl Harbour? Scenario In the real timeline, Japan attacked Pearl Harbour because they wanted to reach their ambitions to expand their territory and be a superpower in Asia. Whereas in this alternate timeline, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour would have been resisted by the USSR because the Soviets wanted to expand to an area where there is no icy water as part of their warm water policy to spread their ideology throughout the world, whereas the USA had not get involved because Pearl Harbour had not been attacked. Not only Japan, Korea and China would also have been inv

Alternative history: What if Fidel Castro never came to power?  Context Cuba is a small island in the Caribbean which was a Spanish colony since the 16th century. In 1898, a war between Spain and the USA happened, then the USA annexed some Spanish colonies. In 1902, Cuba gained its independence. In 1952, there was a coup d'etat led by Fulgencio Batista, who had been president in the 1940s, against the democratically elected government in Cuba, then a year later, the people of Cuba had been angry due to corruption by the Batista regime, then many turned to communism, even a communist rebel group called the M-26-7 (26th of July movement) emerged. In 1959, the Cuban revolution happened, then Fidel Castro became the prime minister and Cuba was officially declared as a communist state. Before 1959, the USA was very powerful in Cuba. After the revolution, the USA invaded Cuba and embargoed the Cuban economy for years which had caused a missile crisis. But what if in this alternative time