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Alternative history: What if Afghanistan modernised by the 19th century?

Alternative history: What if Afghanistan modernised by the 19th century? Context In the 19th century, Afghanistan was ruled by the Barakzai dynasty. In 1833, the British attempted to conquer Afghanistan by supporting the Durrani dynasty, and they were defeated in 1842, in the First Anglo-Afghan War, then another war involving the British and the Afghans happen between 1878 and 1880. The Second Anglo-Afghan War was won by the British and Quetta became part of British India. In 1919, a war involving the British and the Afghans happened for the third time and it resulted in the Afghans' victory. But what would happen if Afghanistan modernised in 1842 to escape foreign colonialism? Scenario In the real timeline, Emir Dost Mohammad Khan, who was the king of Afghanistan (from the Barakzai dynasty) , was deposed due to the Anglo-Afghan War, and that would also happen in this alternative history secnario. After Emir Dost Mohammad Khan was deposed, the Durrani dynasty came to power for 3 ye...
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Sejarah alternatif: Apa yang terjadi jika modernisasi Afghanistan terjadi pada abad ke-19?

Sejarah alternatif: Apa yang terjadi jika modernisasi Afghanistan terjadi pada abad ke-19? Konteks Pada abad ke-19, penguasa Afghanistan adalah wangsa Barakzai. Pada tahun 1838, bangsa Inggris mencoba untuk menaklukkan Afghanistan dengan mendukung wangsa Durrani, dan akhirnya mereka dikalahkan pada tahun 1842, dalam peristiwa yang disebut Perang Inggris-Afghanistan Pertama ( First Anglo-Afghan War ), kemudian peperangan antara Inggris dan Afghanistan kembali terjadi antara tahun 1878 dan 1880. Peperangan tersebut dimenangkan oleh Inggris dan Quetta menjadi bagian dari India dibawah kekuasaan Inggris ( British India ). Pada tahun 1919, peperangan antara Inggris dan Afghanistan terjadi untuk ketiga kalinya dan dimenangkan oleh Afghanistan. Tetapi apa yang terjadi jika Afghanistan memodernisasi bangsa mereka pada tahun 1842 untuk menghindari penjajahan asing? Skenario Dalam garis waktu yang sebenarnya, Emir Dost Mohammad Khan, yakni Raja Afghanistan dari wangsa Barakzai, digulingkan akiba...
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Alternative history: What if Carthage controlled the entire Iberian Peninsula

Alternative history: What if Carthage controlled the entire Iberian Peninsula? Context Carthage, a state ruled by Phoenicians in North Africa, was a powerful state in the Mediterranean region between the 6th and 3rd centuries BC. Carthage became powerful due to sea trade, the territory being rich in natural resources and a skilled army. After Carthage lost the First Punic War against the Romans, its territory expanded to the Iberian Peninsula, which is modern-day Spain and Portugal, to rebuild it's economy and military strength. Hannibal, a general from Carthage, expanded Carthage's territory in the Iberian Peninsula and established a city called Gadir (which is modern day Cádiz) for easier access to silver and tin mines. However, the control of Carthage in the Iberian Peninsula was only in some parts, then the Romans finally drove them out. Due to tensions between the Romans and the Carthaginians in the Iberian Peninsula, the Second Punic War happened, where Hannibal crossed t...
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Sejarah alternatif: Apa yang terjadi jika Kartago menguasai seluruh Semenanjung Iberia

Sejarah alternatif: Apa yang terjadi jika Kartago menguasai seluruh Semenanjung Iberia? Konteks Kartago, sebuah negara wilayah kekuasaan bangsa Fenisia di Afrika Utara, merupakan salah satu negara yang kuat di kawasan Laut Tengah di antara abad ke-6 hingga ke-3 SM. Kartago menjadi kuat karena adanya rute perdagangan lewat laut, wilayah yang kaya akan sumber daya alam dan bala tentara yang terampil. Setelah kalah berperang dengan bangsa Romawi pada zaman Perang Punic Pertama, Kartago memperluas wilayah kekuasaannya di Semenanjung Iberia, yang kini merupakan wilayah Spanyol dan Portugal, untuk kembali membangun ekonomi dan kekuatan militernya. Hannibal, seorang jenderal dari Kartago, memperluas wilayah kekuasaan Kartago di Semenanjung Iberia dan mendirikan kota Gadir (kini bernama Cádiz) untuk mempermudah akses ke tambang perak dan timah. Akan tetapi, keberadaan Kartago di Semenanjung Iberia hanya di beberapa daerah saja dan bangsa Romawi akhirnya memukul mundur mereka. Karena ada ketega...
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Alternative history: What if the Romans conquered Arabia Felix

Alternative history: What if the Romans conquered Arabia Felix? Context Arabia Felix is a name given by the Romans for the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, specifically Yemen. The name Arabia Felix means lucky Arabia, because the area is a fertile area and its location is strategic. The region was known during the time of ancient civilisations to be the place where frankinsence is produced, and its resin was used for religious rituals, perfume and medicine. At that time, frankinsence was a valuable commodity in many parts of the world, including Rome, Greece, Egypt, even India and China. During the 1st century BC, Gallus Aelius, a Roman general led an expedition to Arabia Felix to control the trade of frankinsence and spices. But, the campaign failed because of the harsh terrain in Arabia Felix and the Romans were faced by resistance by the tribes living in Arabia Felix. Scenario In 25 BC, a general called Gallus Aelius led an expedition to modern-day Yemen, or what was then...
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Sejarah alternatif: Apa yang terjadi jika bangsa Romawi menaklukkan Arabia Felix?

Sejarah alternatif: Apa yang terjadi jika bangsa Romawi menaklukkan Arabia Felix? Konteks Arabia Felix adalah nama yang diberikan oleh bangsa Romawi untuk bagian barat daya Jazirah Arab, khususnya Yaman. Nama Arabia Felix berarti negeri Arab yang beruntung, karena wilayahnya merupakan wilayah yang subur dan lokasinya strategis. Kawasan tersebut dikenal pada zaman peradaban kuno untuk produksi kemenyan, yang damarnya dipakai untuk ritual keagamaan, wewangian dan obat-obatan. Pada zaman itu, kemenyan merupakan komoditas yang berharga di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk di Roma, Yunani, Mesir, bahkan India dan Tiongkok. Pada abad pertama sebelum Masehi, Gallus Aelius, seorang jenderal berbangsa Romawi, memimpin ekspedisi ke wilayah Arabia Felix untuk menguasai perdagangan kemenyan dan rempah-rempah. Tetapi, kampanye tersebut gagal karena medannya yang keras dan adanya perlawanan dari suku-suku yang mendiami wilayah Arabia Felix. Skenario Pada tahun 25 SM, seorang jenderal bernama Gallus A...
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Alternative history: What would happen if Spain became Protestant?

Alternative history: What would happen if Spain became Protestant? Context The Reconquista, which is the fall of the Emirate of Granada to the Kingdom of Castile, is one of the most important events in the history of Spain, and it happened in 1492. In 1517, in Northern Europe, the Protestant Reformation happened. In the 16th century, there was a Counter-Reformation effort in Spain, and that was an effort to prevent Protestant influence, which was considered as a threat. A priest called John (Juan de Ávila) played an important role in the Counter-Reformation in Spain. Bu the end of the 16th century, King Philip II made Spain as the defender of the Papacy and the Catholic Church. But what would happen if King Charles of Spain tolerated the spread of Protestantism in Spain? Scenario In the real timeline, the Counter-Reformation movement was spreading to the whole of Europe during the peak of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, including in Spain, and the same thing would happe...
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